ABSTRACT
Indian power system witnessed its largest very short-time demand ramping during light off event conducted to express solidarity with COVID-19 volunteers. 32 GW demand ramping was observed within 25 minutes and recorded as the highest ramping event across the globe. System operator has taken precautions and successfully handled the event with the help of hydro generation. However, system experienced severe frequency and voltage deviations due to unexpected consumer behaviour. A systematic study and an in-depth analysis of such a severe event would help system operators and planners to prepare for similar events. This paper presents a critical analysis of the activity and conducted a survey to understand consumer response during that event. It also proposes a modified Bottom-Up Approach to estimate Expected Demand Reduction (EDR) for such critical events. Proposed model is validated using data collected from the conducted survey. Proposed EDR estimation model offers better results than the Top Down and Bottom-up approach models used by system operator. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Objective/Scope: One of the main concerns of Oil & Gas Plants and associated Buildings is how to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) and tackling viruses. IAQ can be affected, or may become under high risk by some of nearby gases, microbial contaminates or energy stressor that affect the HSE condition. This paper presents the main factors that been considered to provide practical solutions to achieve high IAQ and tackling viruses (such as COVID-19). Methods, Procedures, Process: IAQ refers to the air quality within and around the plants/buildings. IAQ can usually be affected, or may become under high risk by nearby gases, particulates, microbial contaminates or any mass that affect 100% HSE. Inadequate air quality in building will increase the risk and impact on transferring viruses to people (such as COVID and Flue) and equipment performance (such as equipment failure, components corrosion and short circuits on control board). Survey and data was recorded to evaluate air quality performance in atmosphere instead of assuming it. Accordingly, the impact of inadequate IAQ was studied and evaluated. Results, Observations & Conclusions: The international standard set a good IAQ in respect of gas concentration and human who works inside buildings in a way that less than 50% people should not detect any odor, 25% should not experience discomfort, 10% should not suffer from mucosal irritation and 5% should not experience annoyance. Study concluded that inadequate IAQ inside the building will affect people performance/health and installed equipment performance. In addition, improper HVAC system operation will be become breeding site for odor causing mold and bacteria, specifically on cooling coil. Hence, several technics were studied to improve IAQ, by installing Ultraviolet (UV) light to stop growing bacterial inside the HVAC system, installing chemical filter in air intakes to remove atmospheric dust, gases and bacteria by 100%, upgrading filtration efficiency to MERV-13 or highest achievable to capture at least 75 - 95% of airborne particles between 0.3 and 1.0 micron, increase outdoor air ventilation and temperature/humidity control. The performance of HVAC system and quality of air inside building were monitored by simulating IAQ based on ISO 16890, filters life cycle, energy consumption, and the results were found 100% satisfactory and provided solutions that are now successfully implemented in all new and some of the existing buildings. Novel/Additive Information: There are several buildings with similar issues and these approach/technics now being adopted in new constructed/existing buildings to protect human and asset integrity, which will support ADNOC Way by sustaining safe environment operation, lower health risk, reduce of equipment failure, reduce maintenance cost and 100% HSE. There are numbers of occupied buildings across the world were surrounded by aggressive gases/pollution with poor IAQ and above approaches it can be followed to realize larger benefits. © Copyright 2021, Society of Petroleum Engineers
ABSTRACT
The control room acts as a central nervous system facility. This is where important decisions, using complex systems, are made every day. The actions of control room operators have a direct impact on uptime, production yields, quality, and industrial plant safety. In addition, long working hours per shift result in fatigue, irregularity of circadian rhythms and sleep cycles, and decreased cognitive performance at the end of day and night shifts. Fatigue causes decreased alertness, attention span, poor memory, and concentration and affect other mental factors. ADNOC Gas Processing established Fatigue Risk Management Taskforce (FRMT) to adapt practices to the specific conditions and create a safer working environment, leading to happier and healthier employees and an overall community. In industries that run continuous and heavy-duty plants such as Oil, gas, and petrochemical, shift work ensures production flow. After the outbreak of Covid-19, business needs to adapt quickly so that their activities can run. The finding suggests that the workers' cognitive performance is reduced, shown by the increase of triggered alarm by the average of 14.39% higher than before the outbreak of Covid-19. However, with the ability to adapt and implement control and monitoring measures, the number of alarm rate gradually decreased. The study framework was proven to be a valuable tool that decision-makers can use, especially to measure the performance of control room workers and their psychological fatigue affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. © Copyright 2021, Society of Petroleum Engineers